MIL-STD-376A
3.30 Penetration, residual (PR). In general, the length or depth of the
penetration cavity of a projectile into a witness pack or plate. As applied
herein, the penetration in the steel backup block behind the ceramic target
assembly. (See also DOP)
3.31 Performance map, ballistic. A plot of residual penetration as a
function of areal density of armor ceramic.
3.32 Propellant. A rapidly burning substance or mixture whose combustion
or release produces the gas pressure that propels the projectile through the
gun bore.
3.33 Pusher. A metallic disk used to transmit launch loads to the base
of a projectile when a traction-launch system is not employed.
3.34 Rolled homogeneous armor (RHA).
Armor steel produced as per the
requirements of MIL-A-12560.
3.35 Sabot. Lightweight carrier in which a specified caliber projectile is
centered to permit firing the projectile in the larger caliber weapon. The sabot
diameter fills the bore of the weapon from which the projectile is fired. The
sabot is usually discarded in flight a short distance from the muzzle, and only
the subcaliber projectile continues downrange.
3.36 Semi-infinite. As related to penetration of a thick target, implies
that the rear surface of the plate receives only elastic loading, with no
permanent deformation being discernible.
3.37 Small arms. All gas-propelled, tube-type weapons firing a ballistic
projectile with a diameter up to and including 20 millimeters (0.787 inches).
3.38 Small arms ammunition. All ammunition up to and including 20
millimeters (0.787 inches). A round of ammunition includes a ballistic
projectile, propellant charge, charge igniter (primer), and a charge case.
3.39
Spaced armor.
Armor systems having spaces between armor elements.
3.40 Spalling. The detachment or delamination of a layer of material in
the area surrounding the location of impact, which may occur on either the
front or rear surfaces of the armor. Spalling may be a threat mechanism even
when penetration of the armor itself is not complete.
3.41 Striking velocity. The velocity of a projectile or missile at the
instant of impact (also known as impact velocity).
3.42 Target base line. The distance from a point midway between the two
velocity measuring, triggering devices to the test sample.
3.43 Terminal ballistics. A branch of ballistics which is concerned with
the effects of weapons on targets including penetration, fragmentation,
detonation, shaped charge, blast, combustion and incendiary effects.
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